Key performance measure 5

One of our strategic goals is that students’ access, success and progression are not limited by their background, location or characteristics. This measure uses multiple data sources to place students into one of three groups:

• significantly disadvantaged
• economically precarious
• other.

It is important for us to have a measure that is easily understood by the public and those inside the higher education sector, which shows the socioeconomic background of students entering higher education, and how this changes over time. This measure is based on individual level data from different stages of a student’s education and shows those from economically precarious contexts who may also face barriers to equality of opportunity, as well as those most disadvantaged.

If our approach to regulating student access and participation is working, we anticipate that the numbers of young, full-time undergraduate entrants, at degree level and below, across groups with differing levels of disadvantage, shown by KPM 5, will increase. We recognise that student demographics may play a part in any such changes.

KPM 5 shows that, in 2022-23, approximately 290,300 young, full-time, England-domiciled students (who could be linked to their school record in their GCSE year) entered undergraduate higher education in England, the highest total in the past five years. This included 48,700 students categorised as ‘significantly disadvantaged’. This number has decreased from 49,800 in the previous year.

KPM 5 uses individualised student data from:

• the Designated Data Body (DDB) student (Data Futures) record
• the Individualised Learner Record from the Education and Skills Funding Agency (ESFA)
• the Student Loans Company (SLC)
• the National Pupil Database (NPD).

It is based on young (under 21), full-time undergraduate entrants, domiciled in England, for whom we were able to link to their NPD record for their GCSE year.

Before 2020-21, all higher education providers in England are included. For 2020-21 onwards, we include only providers that were registered with the OfS at some point between 1 August and 31 July in each academic year. This means the number of providers included in each year will vary.

KPM 5 disaggregates individual students into one of three groups: significantly disadvantaged, economically precarious, or other. Further detail about the methodology used to calculate this measure, which is used in KPM 5 and KPM 6, is given in the measure of disadvantage methodology technical report.

Providers were required to submit 2022-23 DDB student data using a new data model and a new data platform, and the data collection encountered a number of delays. Consequently, additional risks for the quality of data were tolerated in some areas of the 2022-23 data returns. We are assessing the impacts of those additional risks for each OfS data output on a case-by-case basis. In general, we consider the data is fit for publication and for our regulatory purposes.

Download the measure of disadvantage methodology technical report

KPM 5 is an official statistic. We are seeking feedback for this measure (see ‘contact us’ below).

Download KPM 5 data as an Excel file (35.7 KB)